CUE Research · Study 11
Self-Made Against Inherited Wealth
Forbes marks every fortune as self-made or inherited. Inherited wealth is the control group: a birthday cannot help anyone inherit.
The question: If a birthday pattern belongs to wealth, does it show among people who built their fortune and not among heirs?
Testing CUE’s claim
CUE teaches that 28 is the number of wealth.
The claim was stated before this data was examined, so each test asks one narrow question: how often would random birthdays from the same years give that value as many people, or as much wealth, as it really has?
Born on the 28th Some evidence
In the self-made, people with this birthday hold 14.9% of the net worth, against 3.3% expected. Random birthdays give that much about 1 in 67 times. Behind it: Elon Musk, Bill Gates, Vinod Khosla.
| Group | People | Expected | Share of wealth | Expected | By luck (wealth) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-made | 3 of 130 | 4.3 | 14.9% | 3.3% | about 1 in 67 |
| Inherited | 2 of 42 | 1.4 | 2.9% | 3.3% | about 1 in 3 |
| Everyone | 5 of 172 | 5.7 | 12.7% | 3.3% | about 1 in 56 |
1 day energy No evidence
1 day energy appears about as often as chance gives, and holds about its share of the wealth, in every group.
| Group | People | Expected | Share of wealth | Expected | By luck (wealth) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-made | 16 of 130 | 17.1 | 18.3% | 13.1% | about 1 in 5 |
| Inherited | 8 of 42 | 5.5 | 27.6% | 13.1% | about 1 in 15 |
| Everyone | 24 of 172 | 22.6 | 20.0% | 13.1% | about 1 in 7 |
Read this honestly
- This is one list from one year, and the groups overlap: the top 20 is inside the top 100, so the rows are not separate confirmations.
- If CUE’s belief in 28 was first inspired by noticing wealthy people born on the 28th, this list cannot confirm it: a pattern cannot be tested on the data that suggested it. The clean test is new data, which is why this study will be re-run on Forbes’ 2026 list and on other wealth rankings.
- A strong result describes where the wealth sits; it does not show that a birthday causes wealth.
What stands out
No clear differences. Across every group of 50 or more and every measure, the numbers are within what chance produces.
Where the net worth is
No slice of the net worth is bigger than random birthdays regularly produce.
Money patterns are tested again on the next published list. A pattern that holds on new data is evidence; one that does not was luck.
Worth watching, not enough to claim
- Day energy
Self-made: 11 day energy appears 23 times against about 12.6 expected (1.83×).
- Life Path
Everyone: Life Path 4 appears 25 times against about 15.0 expected (1.67×).
- Day energy
Everyone: 11 day energy appears 27 times against about 16.6 expected (1.63×).
- Birth month
Everyone: Apr appears only 5 times against about 14.1 expected.
Self-made: every birth quarter is within normal variation of random birthdays from the same years.
Self-made Expected, random birthdays 1929–1987 Clear difference Worth watching
See all 130 in “Self-made”
| # | Name | Born | Detail | Life Path | Sun | Chinese |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Elon Musk | 1971-06-28 | $428B · self-made | 7 | Cancer | Pig |
| 2 | Larry Ellison | 1944-08-17 | $276B · self-made | 7 | Leo | Monkey |
| 3 | Mark Zuckerberg | 1984-05-14 | $253B · self-made | 5 | Taurus | Rat |
| 4 | Jeff Bezos | 1964-01-12 | $241B · self-made | 6 | Capricorn | Cat |
| 5 | Larry Page | 1973-03-26 | $179B · self-made | 4 | Aries | Ox |
| 6 | Sergey Brin | 1973-08-21 | $166B · self-made | 4 | Leo | Ox |
| 7 | Steve Ballmer | 1956-03-24 | $153B · self-made | 3 | Aries | Monkey |
| 8 | Jensen Huang | 1963-02-17 | $151B · self-made | 11 | Aquarius | Cat |
| 9 | Warren Buffett | 1930-08-30 | $150B · self-made | 6 | Virgo | Horse |
| 10 | Michael Dell | 1965-02-23 | $129B · self-made | 28/1 | Pisces | Snake |
| 13 | Michael Bloomberg | 1942-02-14 | $109B · self-made | 5 | Aquarius | Snake |
| 14 | Bill Gates | 1955-10-28 | $107B · self-made | 4 | Scorpio | Goat |
| 18 | Thomas Peterffy | 1944-09-30 | $73.3B · self-made | 3 | Libra | Monkey |
| 20 | Stephen Schwarzman | 1947-02-14 | $51.9B · self-made | 28/1 | Aquarius | Pig |
| 21 | Ken Griffin | 1968-10-15 | $50.4B · self-made | 4 | Libra | Monkey |
| 26 | Phil Knight & family | 1938-02-24 | $35.7B · self-made | 11 | Pisces | Tiger |
| 34 | Henry Samueli | 1954-09-20 | $27.7B · self-made | 3 | Virgo | Horse |
| 36 | Eric Schmidt | 1955-04-27 | $26.8B · self-made | 33/6 | Taurus | Goat |
| 37 | Daniel Gilbert | 1962-01-17 | $26.7B · self-made | 9 | Capricorn | Ox |
| 39 | Robert Pera | 1978-03-10 | $24B · self-made | 11 | Pisces | Horse |
| 40 | Peter Thiel | 1967-10-11 | $23.9B · self-made | 8 | Libra | Goat |
| 41 | David Tepper | 1957-09-11 | $23.7B · self-made | 6 | Virgo | Rooster |
| 43 | Steve Cohen | 1956-06-11 | $23B · self-made | 11 | Gemini | Monkey |
| 46 | Todd Graves | 1972-02-20 | $22B · self-made | 5 | Pisces | Rat |
| 47 | Stanley Kroenke | 1947-07-29 | $21.3B · self-made | 3 | Leo | Pig |
| 48 | John Menard, Jr. | 1940-01-22 | $20B · self-made | 1 | Aquarius | Cat |
| 50 | Jerry Jones & family | 1942-10-13 | $19.6B · self-made | 3 | Libra | Horse |
| 53 | Donald Bren | 1932-05-11 | $19.2B · self-made | 4 | Taurus | Monkey |
| 57 | Jan Koum | 1976-02-24 | $17.4B · self-made | 4 | Pisces | Dragon |
| 59 | Stephen Ross | 1940-05-10 | $17B · self-made | 11 | Taurus | Dragon |
| 60 | George Roberts | 1943-09-14 | $16.8B · self-made | 4 | Virgo | Goat |
| 63 | John Doerr | 1951-06-29 | $16.1B · self-made | 33/6 | Cancer | Cat |
| 64 | Harold Hamm & family | 1945-12-11 | $16B · self-made | 33/6 | Sagittarius | Rooster |
| 68 | Henry Kravis | 1944-01-06 | $15.4B · self-made | 7 | Capricorn | Goat |
| 72 | James Goodnight | 1943-01-06 | $15.3B · self-made | 6 | Capricorn | Horse |
| 74 | Shahid Khan | 1950-07-18 | $14.3B · self-made | 4 | Cancer | Tiger |
| 78 | Leon Black | 1951-07-31 | $13.8B · self-made | 9 | Leo | Cat |
| 78 | Robert Kraft | 1941-06-05 | $13.8B · self-made | 8 | Gemini | Snake |
| 86 | Ken Fisher | 1950-11-29 | $13.2B · self-made | 1 | Sagittarius | Tiger |
| 87 | Charles Schwab | 1937-07-29 | $13.1B · self-made | 11 | Leo | Ox |
| 90 | Brian Armstrong | 1983-01-25 | $12.9B · self-made | 11 | Aquarius | Dog |
| 96 | Ralph Lauren & family | 1939-10-14 | $12.7B · self-made | 28/1 | Libra | Cat |
| 98 | David Steward | 1951-07-02 | $12.4B · self-made | 7 | Cancer | Cat |
| 100 | Pierre Omidyar | 1967-06-21 | $12.2B · self-made | 5 | Cancer | Goat |
| 101 | Dustin Moskovitz | 1984-05-22 | $12B · self-made | 4 | Gemini | Rat |
| 105 | Arthur Blank | 1942-09-27 | $11.4B · self-made | 7 | Libra | Horse |
| 107 | John Malone | 1941-03-07 | $11.3B · self-made | 7 | Pisces | Snake |
| 108 | Richard Kinder | 1944-10-19 | $11.1B · self-made | 11 | Libra | Monkey |
| 109 | Tilman Fertitta | 1957-06-25 | $11B · self-made | 8 | Cancer | Rooster |
| 109 | Josh Harris | 1964-12-29 | $11B · self-made | 7 | Capricorn | Dragon |
| 109 | Gabe Newell | 1962-11-03 | $11B · self-made | 5 | Scorpio | Tiger |
| 121 | Tom Gores | 1964-07-31 | $10.1B · self-made | 4 | Leo | Dragon |
| 123 | Patrick Ryan | 1937-05-15 | $10B · self-made | 4 | Taurus | Ox |
| 123 | Robert F. Smith | 1962-12-01 | $10B · self-made | 22 | Sagittarius | Tiger |
| 126 | Vinod Khosla | 1955-01-28 | $9.9B · self-made | 4 | Aquarius | Goat |
| 137 | Todd Boehly | 1973-09-20 | $9.3B · self-made | 4 | Virgo | Ox |
| 137 | Ken Langone | 1935-09-16 | $9.3B · self-made | 7 | Virgo | Pig |
| 137 | Terrence Pegula | 1951-03-27 | $9.3B · self-made | 28/1 | Aries | Cat |
| 137 | Les Wexner & family | 1937-09-08 | $9.3B · self-made | 1 | Virgo | Ox |
| 141 | Brian Chesky | 1981-08-29 | $9.2B · self-made | 11 | Virgo | Rooster |
| 143 | William Ackman | 1966-05-11 | $9.1B · self-made | 11 | Taurus | Horse |
| 143 | Marc Benioff | 1964-09-25 | $9.1B · self-made | 9 | Libra | Dragon |
| 143 | Douglas Leone | 1957-07-04 | $9.1B · self-made | 33 | Cancer | Rooster |
| 146 | Jeff Greene | 1954-12-10 | $9B · self-made | 5 | Sagittarius | Horse |
| 149 | David Geffen | 1943-02-21 | $8.8B · self-made | 22/4 | Pisces | Goat |
| 149 | Michael Saylor | 1965-02-04 | $8.8B · self-made | 9 | Aquarius | Snake |
| 149 | David Shaw | 1951-03-29 | $8.8B · self-made | 3 | Aries | Cat |
| 163 | Charles Simonyi | 1948-09-10 | $8.4B · self-made | 5 | Virgo | Rat |
| 168 | Charles Ergen | 1953-03-01 | $8.2B · self-made | 22 | Pisces | Snake |
| 168 | Don Hankey | 1943-06-13 | $8.2B · self-made | 9 | Gemini | Goat |
| 168 | Steven Rales | 1951-03-31 | $8.2B · self-made | 5 | Aries | Cat |
| 172 | Joe Gebbia | 1981-08-21 | $8B · self-made | 3 | Leo | Rooster |
| 176 | Marc Rowan | 1962-08-19 | $7.9B · self-made | 9 | Leo | Tiger |
| 181 | Stanley Druckenmiller | 1953-06-14 | $7.8B · self-made | 11 | Gemini | Snake |
| 181 | Leonid Radvinsky | 1982-05-30 | $7.8B · self-made | 28/1 | Gemini | Dog |
| 187 | Roger Penske | 1937-02-20 | $7.7B · self-made | 6 | Pisces | Ox |
| 192 | Michael Milken | 1946-07-04 | $7.5B · self-made | 4 | Cancer | Dog |
| 192 | George Soros | 1930-08-12 | $7.5B · self-made | 6 | Leo | Horse |
| 192 | Kelcy Warren | 1955-11-09 | $7.5B · self-made | 4 | Scorpio | Goat |
| 208 | Steven Spielberg | 1946-12-18 | $7.1B · self-made | 5 | Sagittarius | Dog |
| 211 | David Baszucki | 1963-01-20 | $7B · self-made | 22/4 | Aquarius | Tiger |
| 214 | Marian Ilitch & family | 1933-01-07 | $6.9B · self-made | 6 | Capricorn | Monkey |
| 218 | Michael Moritz | 1954-09-12 | $6.8B · self-made | 4 | Virgo | Horse |
| 224 | Tom Golisano | 1941-11-14 | $6.5B · self-made | 4 | Scorpio | Snake |
| 224 | Ty Warner | 1944-09-03 | $6.5B · self-made | 3 | Virgo | Monkey |
| 232 | Reed Hastings | 1960-10-08 | $6.3B · self-made | 7 | Libra | Rat |
| 232 | Vincent Viola | 1956-02-12 | $6.3B · self-made | 8 | Aquarius | Monkey |
| 246 | Mark Cuban | 1958-07-31 | $6B · self-made | 7 | Leo | Dog |
| 246 | Joe Mansueto | 1956-09-03 | $6B · self-made | 33 | Virgo | Monkey |
| 255 | Rick Caruso | 1959-01-07 | $5.9B · self-made | 5 | Capricorn | Dog |
| 255 | Archie Aldis Emmerson & family | 1929-04-10 | $5.9B · self-made | 8 | Aries | Snake |
| 261 | Vlad Tenev | 1987-02-13 | $5.8B · self-made | 4 | Aquarius | Cat |
| 261 | Jayshree Ullal | 1961-03-27 | $5.8B · self-made | 11 | Aries | Ox |
| 270 | Rocco Commisso | 1949-11-25 | $5.6B · self-made | 5 | Sagittarius | Ox |
| 270 | Jack Dorsey | 1976-11-19 | $5.6B · self-made | 8 | Scorpio | Dragon |
| 270 | Patrick Soon-Shiong | 1952-07-29 | $5.6B · self-made | 8 | Leo | Dragon |
| 276 | Michael Novogratz | 1964-11-26 | $5.5B · self-made | 3 | Sagittarius | Dragon |
| 280 | Stephen Cohen | 1982-09-30 | $5.4B · self-made | 5 | Libra | Dog |
| 280 | Jim Coulter | 1959-12-01 | $5.4B · self-made | 28/1 | Sagittarius | Pig |
| 280 | George Lucas | 1944-05-14 | $5.4B · self-made | 28/1 | Taurus | Monkey |
| 280 | Stewart Resnick | 1936-12-24 | $5.4B · self-made | 28/1 | Capricorn | Rat |
| 280 | Jeff Skoll | 1965-01-16 | $5.4B · self-made | 11 | Capricorn | Dragon |
| 291 | Daniel D'Aniello | 1946-09-14 | $5.3B · self-made | 7 | Virgo | Dog |
| 291 | Thomas Tull | 1970-06-11 | $5.3B · self-made | 7 | Gemini | Dog |
| 295 | Josh Kushner | 1985-06-12 | $5.2B · self-made | 5 | Gemini | Ox |
| 295 | Isaac Perlmutter | 1942-12-01 | $5.2B · self-made | 11 | Sagittarius | Horse |
| 301 | Barry Diller | 1942-02-02 | $5B · self-made | 11 | Aquarius | Snake |
| 301 | Stephen Feinberg | 1960-03-29 | $5B · self-made | 3 | Aries | Rat |
| 308 | Peter Cancro | 1957-05-13 | $4.9B · self-made | 4 | Taurus | Rooster |
| 308 | Eric Yuan & family | 1970-02-20 | $4.9B · self-made | 3 | Pisces | Dog |
| 319 | John Catsimatidis | 1948-09-07 | $4.8B · self-made | 11 | Virgo | Rat |
| 319 | Gail Miller & family | 1943-10-14 | $4.8B · self-made | 5 | Libra | Goat |
| 325 | Dan Snyder | 1964-11-23 | $4.7B · self-made | 9 | Sagittarius | Dragon |
| 334 | Carl Icahn | 1936-02-16 | $4.6B · self-made | 28/1 | Aquarius | Rat |
| 334 | David Rubenstein | 1949-08-11 | $4.6B · self-made | 6 | Leo | Ox |
| 341 | Donald Sterling | 1934-04-26 | $4.4B · self-made | 11 | Taurus | Dog |
| 341 | Cameron Winklevoss | 1981-08-21 | $4.4B · self-made | 3 | Leo | Rooster |
| 341 | Tyler Winklevoss | 1981-08-21 | $4.4B · self-made | 3 | Leo | Rooster |
| 347 | Byron Trott | 1958-12-02 | $4.3B · self-made | 28/1 | Sagittarius | Dog |
| 352 | Alan Trefler | 1956-03-10 | $4.2B · self-made | 7 | Pisces | Monkey |
| 362 | C. Dean Metropoulos | 1946-05-05 | $4.1B · self-made | 3 | Taurus | Dog |
| 362 | Bob Parsons | 1950-11-27 | $4.1B · self-made | 8 | Sagittarius | Tiger |
| 362 | Meg Whitman | 1956-08-04 | $4.1B · self-made | 33 | Leo | Monkey |
| 377 | John Paulson | 1955-12-14 | $4B · self-made | 28/1 | Sagittarius | Goat |
| 382 | Behdad Eghbali | 1976-05-06 | $3.9B · self-made | 7 | Taurus | Dragon |
| 382 | Amos Hostetter, Jr. | 1937-01-12 | $3.9B · self-made | 6 | Capricorn | Rat |
| 382 | Steve Wynn | 1942-01-27 | $3.9B · self-made | 8 | Aquarius | Snake |
| 389 | Michael Jordan | 1963-02-17 | $3.8B · self-made | 11 | Aquarius | Cat |
| 389 | Daniel Loeb | 1961-12-18 | $3.8B · self-made | 11 | Sagittarius | Ox |
| 389 | Ira Rennert | 1934-05-31 | $3.8B · self-made | 8 | Gemini | Dog |
Context What explains it
This is the sharpest wealth test CUE can run. If the 28th or 1 energy reflects something about the person, it should appear among self-made billionaires. Heirs got their money from a parent, so any pattern among them is chance or family.
The inherited group is small in this list, so it is described rather than tested. The study will be rebuilt on the full world list of about 3,000 billionaires.
Source The data
- The Forbes 400, 2025: self-made and inherited. Retrieved 2026-09-28. View source
- The 400 richest Americans, split by Forbes’ own self-made flag. Inherited fortunes are the comparison group: a birthday cannot help inherit wealth.
- Verification: 172 of 400 included. A date is used when Forbes and a Wikidata person with the same name and a recorded net worth agree to the day.
- Expected values: every day of the years each group was born in, weighted by how many people were born in each year, run through CUE’s engine. Weighting matters for Chinese signs and Life Paths, which depend on the year.
- A difference is called clear only in groups of 50 or more and at least three standard errors from expected. Because each study tests about a hundred values, a clear difference needs 3.5 standard errors; 2.5 to 3.5 is only “worth watching”.
Left out: 228 people whose exact birth date could not be confirmed
- #15 Alice Walton: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #16 Julia Koch & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #19 Jeff Yass: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #24 Lukas Walton: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #29 Marilyn Simons & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #30 Thomas Frist, Jr. & family: No second source found
- #31 Len Blavatnik: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #32 Elaine Marshall & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #35 Lyndal Stephens Greth & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #42 Ernest Garcia, II.: No second source found
- #44 Diane Hendricks: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #45 Rick Cohen & family: No second source found
- #50 Henry Nicholas, III.: No second source found
- #54 Israel Englander: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #55 Edwin Chen: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #56 Eric Smidt: No second source found
- #57 Adam Foroughi: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #61 Lin Bin: No second source found
- #62 Arthur Dantchik: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #65 Jay Chaudhry: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #68 Ray Dalio: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #68 Robert Duggan: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #68 Brad Jacobs: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #74 Alexander Karp: No second source found
- #76 Edward Johnson, IV.: No second source found
- #77 Jack Dangermond: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #78 Antony Ressler: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #78 David Sun: No second source found
- #78 John Tu: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #83 Bubba Cathy: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #83 Trudy Cathy White: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #87 J. Christopher Reyes: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #87 Jude Reyes: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #91 Orlando Bravo: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #91 David Duffield: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #91 Robert Pender: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #91 Michael Sabel: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #99 Elizabeth Johnson: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #101 Andrew Beal: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #103 Carl Cook: No second source found
- #104 Chris Larsen: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #105 Ernest Garcia III: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #112 Ramzi Musallam: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #114 Marijke Mars: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #114 Pamela Mars: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #114 Valerie Mars: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #114 Victoria Mars: No second source found
- #114 Mark Stevens: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #119 Jonathan Gray: No second source found
- #123 Jeffery Hildebrand: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #126 Harry Stine & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #129 Michael Rubin: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #130 Jim Kennedy: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #130 Michael Kim: No second source found
- #130 Blair Parry-Okeden: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #130 Randa Duncan Williams: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #135 Dannine Avara: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #135 Milane Frantz: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #141 Scott Duncan: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #146 Elisabeth DeLuca & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #146 Bruce Kovner: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #149 Robert Rowling: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #153 Nathan Blecharczyk: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #153 Neil Bluhm: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #157 Ronda Stryker: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #158 Stephen Bisciotti: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #158 John Brown: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #158 Michael Dorrell: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #158 Tamara Gustavson: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #158 Pauline MacMillan Keinath: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #163 J. Joe Ricketts & family: No second source found
- #163 Denise York & family: No second source found
- #166 Leo KoGuan: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #166 Leonard Stern: No second source found
- #171 Paul Tudor Jones, II.: No second source found
- #172 Igor Olenicoff: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #172 John Overdeck: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #172 David Siegel: No second source found
- #176 George Kurtz: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #176 Philippe Laffont: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #176 John Morris: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #181 Judy Faulkner: No second source found
- #181 Sami Mnaymneh: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #181 Tony Tamer: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #181 Dennis Washington: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #187 Andrew Cherng: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #187 Peggy Cherng: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #187 Jim Kavanaugh: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #192 Tench Coxe: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #192 Min Kao & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #192 Thai Lee: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #192 John Sall: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #199 Edward Roski, Jr.: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #201 Mark Walter: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #204 James Clark: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #204 Daniel Ziff: No second source found
- #204 Dirk Ziff: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #204 Robert Ziff: No second source found
- #208 Chase Coleman, III.: No second source found
- #208 Li Ge: No second source found
- #211 Edythe Broad & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #211 Scott Cook: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #214 Doug Meijer & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #214 Hank Meijer & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #214 Mark Meijer & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #219 Thomas Hagen & family: No second source found
- #219 Michael Intrator: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #219 Karen Pritzker: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #219 Paul Singer: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #223 Joseph Liemandt: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #224 Ron Baron: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #224 Ray Lee Hunt: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #224 H. Ross Perot, Jr.: No second source found
- #224 Robert Rich, Jr.: No second source found
- #224 Herb Simon: No second source found
- #231 Matthew Prince: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #232 James Chambers: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #232 Steve Lavin & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #232 Katharine Rayner: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #232 John A. Sobrato & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #232 Margaretta Taylor: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #239 William Berkley & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #239 Justin Ishbia: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #239 Annette Lerner & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #239 Elizabeth Uihlein: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #239 Richard Uihlein: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #244 Robert Bass: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #244 Mitchell Morgan & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #246 Baiju Bhatt: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #246 William Goldring & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #246 Robert Hale, Jr.: No second source found
- #246 Dan Kurzius: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #246 Eric Lefkofsky: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #246 Reinhold Schmieding: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #246 Ronald Wanek: No second source found
- #255 Rakesh Gangwal: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #255 Trevor Rees-Jones: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #255 Don Vultaggio & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #261 Martha Ingram & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #264 Margot Birmingham Perot: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #264 John Henry: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #264 Thomas Secunda: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #264 Jon Stryker: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #264 Carl Thoma: No second source found
- #270 Bert Beveridge: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #270 Ken Xie & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #276 Neal Blue & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #276 Romesh T. Wadhwani: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #280 Jeremy Jacobs, Sr. & family: No second source found
- #280 Gwendolyn Sontheim Meyer: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #280 Lynda Resnick: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #280 Russell Savage: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #280 Edward Stack & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #280 Jon Yarbrough: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #291 Ben Chestnut: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #291 Joseph Grendys: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #295 Jim Davis & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #298 Peter Kellogg: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #298 Jean (Gigi) Pritzker: No second source found
- #298 Tim Sweeney: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #301 Mike Brown & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #301 Robert Faith: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #301 Hamilton James & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #301 Scott Kapnick: No second source found
- #308 Seth Boro: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #308 Scott Crabill: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #308 David Dean Halbert: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #308 Bom Kim: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #308 Steven Klinsky: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #308 Arturo Moreno: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #308 Eren Ozmen: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #308 Holden Spaht: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #319 Austen Cargill, II.: No second source found
- #319 James Cargill, II.: No second source found
- #319 Helen Johnson-Leipold: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #319 Marianne Liebmann: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #325 George Bishop: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #325 H. Fisk Johnson: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #325 S. Curtis Johnson: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #325 Andrew Karam: No second source found
- #325 Winifred J. Marquart: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #325 Fatih Ozmen: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #325 Phil Ruffin: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #325 Michael Xie: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #334 William Conway, Jr.: No second source found
- #334 David Filo: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #334 Rupert Johnson, Jr.: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #339 Peter Gassner: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #339 Steven Udvar-Hazy: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #341 Richard Schulze: No second source found
- #347 Travis Boersma: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #347 Maggie Hardy: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #347 John Middleton: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #347 Stewart Rahr: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #352 Sanjit Biswas: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #352 Eleanor Butt Crook & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #352 Paul Foster: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #352 Rajiv Jain: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #352 Daniel Och: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #352 Phillip T. (Terry) Ragon: No second source found
- #352 Rodger Riney & family: No second source found
- #352 Brian Venturo: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #362 Nick Caporella: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #362 Todd Christopher: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #362 James Duff: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #362 Thomas Duff: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #362 Stewart Horejsi & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #362 Johnelle Hunt: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #362 Mitchell Rales: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #362 Mark Shoen: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #362 Thomas Siebel: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #362 Pat Stryker: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #362 Charles Zegar: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #377 Neal Aronson: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #377 John Bicket: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #377 Jim Davis: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #377 Marc Lore: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #382 José E. Feliciano: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #382 Theodore Leonsis: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #382 William Stone: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #389 Jim Breyer: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #389 Ray Davis: No second source found
- #389 Edward DeBartolo, Jr.: No second source found
- #389 Robert Johnson & family: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #389 Scott Shleifer: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #389 Jeff Tangney: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #389 Eduardo Vivas: Sources disagree or give only the year
- #389 Herbert Wertheim: Sources disagree or give only the year
Reproduce it: the raw data snapshots and build scripts are in CUE’s code repository (scripts/data and scripts/build-*-study.mts).
Further reading
- Forbes, The Forbes 400, 2025 (self-made flag)